Subtitle: How much water does it take to start being scary?
As Colorado endures the lowest snowpack in its history, and begins to enter the 2026 summer fire season, water has become a prime concern for many. And now that the future of the Colorado River itself is in doubt, and the seven Western states that are part of the Colorado River Compact apparently unable to reach an agreement by its own deadline, there is ever more impetus for the states water leaders to look seriously at their water use policies.
Having been involved in anti-fracking activism since 2012, I have come to learn about the prodigious amounts of fresh water that is consumed by fracking. Although I can tell you that one frack job on a typical well can consume 5 to 8 millions gallons of water — and now that statistic has climbed to 15 to 20 millions of gallons of water per well in current use — such numbers may simply go in one ear and come out the other. The human mind is not made to have a feel for what such large numbers mean.
The human mind, in fact, is much better at processing images than numbers. Which is why I began a project that would attempt to visualize the amount of water used in fracking for the state.
With the help of several activist colleagues with technical skills, I was able to progress in this project this year…and create this visualization with their help:
Statewide water use of fracking compared to Denver residential water use
What this graph shows is that statewide use of water in fracking is comparable — and can even exceed — the amount of water consumed by Denver residents in a given year. And, if you were not aware, this water is taken forever out of the hydrologic cycle, never to return….never. As in, forever.
The regulation of water use in fracking has not received the same attention as the other negative environmental effects of fracking, such as the noise, air and water pollution and truck traffic. As such, the data itself has only recently begun to be available, from organizations such as FracFocus (see fracfocus.org). Among the Colorado environmental activist community, the specious data reporting by the industry is a well known and obvious fact of life. The industry needs to be reporting its data more reliably and with greater transparency.
What Colorado’s policy setters need to consider is if allowing this industry to continue throwing away billions of gallons of water every year is in its own environmental best interests. To my mind, this is simply an insane use of water in a climate that is going to become more and more dry with each passing year, which is what the climate science predicts. Water is life — and we should be guarding it with our own lives.
DATA TABLES
The numerical data tables for the above graphs are shown here:
COLORADO WATER USE FOR FRACKING, 2012-2023
year
gallons
billions
2012
1,296,620,479.24
1.3
2013
5,259,007,798.54
5.26
2014
6,640,304,994.85
6.64
2015
6,238,368,957.20
6.24
2016
5,354,258,926.11
5.35
2017
11,580,540,366.86
11.58
2018
13,611,946,880.83
13.61
2019
12,994,692,196.84
12.99
2020
6,984,377,209.16
6.98
2021
10,934,751,410.34
10.93
2022
10,873,881,470.06
10.87
2023
13,313,894,765.55
13.31
2024
12,635,105,779.73
12.64
2025
12,104,661,504.08
12.1
SOURCE: FracFocus.org
DENVER RESIDENTIAL WATER USE, 2012-2023
Residential_Water_Use
year
gallons
billion gallons
2012
14,052,609,000
14.053
2013
11,629,361,000
11.629
2014
11,603,885,000
11.604
2015
11,359,464,000
11.359
2016
12,435,755,000
12.436
2017
12,330,988,000
12.331
2018
12,874,463,000
12.874
2019
12,140,925,000
12.141
2020
14,174,959,000
14.175
2021
12,815,473,000
12.815
2022
13,051,564,000
13.052
2023
11,106,173,000
11.106
SOURCE: Denver Water CAFR tables, Based on ChatGPT inquiry, 2/10/2026
There was a rare display of real community unity facing a threat from the O&G industry last Monday night, November 3, 2025, at the Windsor Community Center. What had been planned as a simple “show & tell” by Verdad Resources about their plans for a huge drilling operation (22 wells off one drillpad) in their community was transformed into a room of local residents banding together to tell them how much they did not want any drilling in their community, thank you very much.
The public meeting was hosted by an O&G firm, Verdad Resources, who is required to give notice to all residences within a half mile radius of the proposed wellsite. Here is the first page of the announcement:
The remainder of the 17 page letter contained a detailed plan of the operations, from beginning to end, the current owners of the mineral rights, and other background information. (The complete pdf file is available here.)
Perhaps of most concern is the actual location of the wellsite. This was shown in a black & white aerial shot in Verdad’s letter, which included the latitude and longitude of the site. I used that information to to create this Google map of the location:
As you can see, this is about three miles north of the center of Windsor…1.5 miles east of Timnath Community Park…and there are a scattering of residences within a half a mile of the site, the required notification zone (see a poster photo below). Which is how I learned about it, through one of the local residents who received the above letter from Verdad, and who attended a meeting of the Fort Collins Sustainability Group. This was the Salon that took place on October 24, 2025, the Safe and Healthy Colorado Campaign webinar. Please see the video for that excellent presentation on the current campaign by 350 Colorado to create a safer and healthier Colorado by phasing out fracking by 2030.
I was curious enough to use the QR code in the letter. It took me to a form to enter my name and contact info, and when asked if I had any questions, I replied “Why are you building this so close to residences? ” but I haven’t heard back…oh well! 🙄
On the night of the meeting, I carpooled over to Windsor with a number of fellow concerned citizens from Fort Collins. When we arrived, there was a line out the door for people filling out forms by hand with their contact info (so much for the advance registration… ). Once inside, it was a clear that a number of people wanted to hear what Verdad had to say:
Public attendees at Verdad meeting
Arranged on tables were about five or six big posters with maps and information about the proposed drilling operation. As well, there were two large screen displays with glitzy corporate slides describing what a great company Verdad is, and how this would be done very safely, using the latest technology, etc:
This is the half mile radius around the wellsite, wherein all residences must be notified. (click to see larger image)
After milling around for about twenty minutes, I, at least, had seen about all there was to see. The half dozen Verdad staff that were mingling with the crowd were there to answer any questions; but when asked if there would be a presentation of any kind, which would address the entire crowd, and allow for public Q&A (like most public events of this kind), the answer was, No, they were not planning to do that. Well, that’s that, I thought.
But then something unexpected happened. One of the locally notified residents, who lives within that perimeter boundary, took matters into her own hands. I’ll call her Ms. K, to protect her identity. Ms. K was not satisfied with Verdad’s “rolling forum” style of a meeting, and, since this was a public facility, and she was a local resident who paid taxes to support this community center, she thought there very well might be a public address system built into this room. She went to find out.
Turns out, she was right! And soon returned with community center staff who turned it on, and handed Ms. K a wireless mic — and that’s when the meeting really got started!
Ms. K starts the real meeting….
Once the real meeting started, people from the audience were only too happy to express themselves publicly, and share their views with the audience, and ask questions to the Verdad staff, who were then forced to reply:
Audience member expressing disapproval of the proposed operation.
Verdad official replying to a question.
Verdad official replying to a question.
Under more direct questioning from the audience about how application process the drilling application would proceed, we came to find out that a well informed person was in the house: Brett Cavanagh, the director of Oil and Gas Energy Department for Weld County. Mr Cavanagh was able to answer some the questions from the audience. This would never have happened without Ms. K!
Brett Kavanagh answers a question
One burning question that came up was: what can local residents do to stop this operation from even happening? The answer from Mr Kavanaugh was: nothing. First, the application has to be filed with the state (i.e. the ECMC, Energy and Carbon Management Commission); only then protests can be filed. But, ultimately, the decision will be made by the five commissioners that head up the ECMC…who are appointed by the governor.
More detailed questions kept coming. This resulted in one of the Verdad officials grabbing a poster with a map on it, indicating such things as: where would the truck traffic go? Which local residents would be notified?
(click for larger image)
Another burning question was: how much water would this operation need? Where would it come from? This resulted in another Verdad representative stepping up to the mic, one who was familiar with their drilling operations:
Answering drilling operations questions
In answer to the amount of water, the answer was 700,000 barrels per well. Given this critical piece of data, we can do the math on the total water impact:
700,000 barrels X 42 gallons/barrel X 22 wells = 646,800,000 gallons for all the wells
At 325,851 gallons / acre-foot = 1,985 acre-ft of water for all the wells.
One acre-ft is enough for approximately two families for a year. So, this 22 well operation will consume the amount of water for
1,985 * 2 = 3,970 families for a year.
If we approximate an average family at 3.15 (see here for the reference), this means:
3,970 families x 3.15 people/avg family = 12,506 people.
In 2024, the entire population of Windsor was estimated to be 44,769. So, by the above calculations, this one drilling operation of 22 wells is going to use same amount of water used by about
12,506 / 44,769 = .28
or about 28 per cent of the population of Windsor over a year…over one fourth of the entire city population!
And this is only covering this one operation. One wonders what would be the water consumption figure for the entire Weld County — with some 18,000 wells in operation.
As far as the source of the water, all the Verdad would say is that it would come from “agricultural and industrial sources.” One of the other attendees later commented how she had once seen legal documents showing how such water had been purchased at heavy discounts from the price paid by the public…like 10¢ on the dollar.
There were two other informative officials who spoke. One was a lady from the ECMC staff:
And another was a man from the local water board:
I don’t recall exactly what were their main points; but their answers did help to answer some of the questions of the audience in the moment.
At one point during all this, Ms. K asked the crowd directly “How many of you are opposed to this?” Hands shot up from all but a few of the people present.
But at other times in the back-&-forth Q&A session, two points were clear:
Why must Verdad Resources drill in such close proximity to residential areas? Why can’t they drill farther away?
Why were only some of the local residents notified? (Not all of those inside the notification perimeter were notified, but who spoke out quite strongly at the meeting.)
The representatives from Verdad and government agencies did not have answers for these highly relevant questions.
Since the “Estimated Timeframe” poster shows that Verdad expects to start construction in 3rd quarter 2026, then begin drilling in 4th quarter. At least the local residents have been given enough lead time to get their concerns before Weld County and the ECMC.
But this will only be the beginning of the story, I’m afraid. The O&G industry has a history of getting their way in this state…but perhaps that pattern is about to change.
Our hats are off to the courageous residents who took command of the meeting, and transformed a passive, corporate show-&-tell into a true display of community spirit. We at the Larimer Alliance stand with them, and wish them the best in their fight to keep this operation out of their community.
by Rick Casey, with assistance from other members of the Larimer Alliance
Wednesday, October 20, 2021, the COGGC Commissioners heard public testimony during an important hearing: whether to renew the operating license for Wellington Operating Company’s three permits for its RIBs (Rapid Infill Basins), or pits, for another five years. In the end they approved the permits but not before they heard five powerful testimonies from the local community and read numerous comments from the public.
The Larimer Alliance has been aware of Wellington Operating’s (WO) dumping of produced water into RIBS or pits into the Boxelder Creek alluvial for some time and knew the permits for the pits were coming up for renewal this Fall 2021.
The produced water from WO oil field is created when the oil wells pump water from deep aquifers containing the oil. After the oil is removed with Enhanced Oil Recyclers (EORs), the remaining water is either injected back 5,000 feet into the aquifer where it came from, or it is lightly treated and dumped into the RIBs or pits located in northern Larimer County, south of E CR 70 and N CR 11. Wellington Operating estimated two thirds of the total wastewater is injected and one third is dumped into the pits. The pits allow wastewater to enter the groundwater flowing under them to be carried down the Boxelder Creek watershed to the Cache la Poudre River.
This might remind readers of the old saying, “Dilution is the Solution to Pollution” and now, even when we know this pollution never goes away, this concept is still being used as a means of disposing contaminants. To justify this, the industry and governments call this dumping to groundwater a “beneficial use” or “recycling” and “waste minimization” — all euphemisms crafted by industry to conceal their highly negative environmental effects. We believe Larimer County and the COGCC should be describing these pollutants more accurately.
This water is toxic due to the naturally occurring radioactive particles, salty brine, heavy metals, and oil and gas contaminants that are commonly found in it. There are also additional chemicals added to this wastewater to prevent bio-fouling in the pipes which adds to the toxicity of the water. The permit provided details on the process of treatment of this wastewater and included numerous tests for contaminants including for PFAS, the so-called forever chemicals, and one was found in a very small quantity. This triggered the Commissioners to require PFAS testing of this water at least once per year and more often, if any are found.
It is likely more contaminants are in this water but exactly what they are won’t be known unless oil and gas operators are required to have water quality lab tests for others and then required to report them to the COGCC. The industry is self-regulated so operators not regulators take the samples and submit them to labs. Should this be allowed?
The COGCC Commissioners also required WO to notify Larimer County in any future actions after Matt Sura, an oil and gas attorney for Larimer County government, entered the discussion during the hearing and asked that the Commissioners pause the hearing until Larimer County is able to review the permit. The Commissioners declined to consider this request but from now on the County will be informed of any permit action by Wellington Operating. According to the COGCC Director, notification to Larimer County about this permit reissue was not legally required.
My next question was to the Division of Water Resources, at https://dwr.state.co.us/Portal/dwr/AskDWR
Dear DWR:
I am trying to find out where the state records are which show where fracking operators get their water, and where that ‘produced water’ ends up. I am most interested in Front Range operators, from Adams County northward.
Finding answers to those two simple questions is proving surprisingly difficult. Neither the COGCC or CDPHE have been able to help me.
I realize the data records may not be structured to answer such a question from the public, since they were perhaps not designed that way to begin with; however, as the political pressures on our water resources intensify, the data will need to be marshalled, somehow, to answer such questions, as times change. If you have any comments on that issue, I’d be interested in hearing that as well.
Best regards, Rick Casey webmaster: larimeralliance.org, larimerallianceblog.org, focosustainability.org, colivableclimate.org